Experts call for more safe sex education as gonorrhoea cases rise by a quarter in England
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In England last year there was a 2% rise in the number of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) diagnosed, reversing the small decline observed in 2010, according to figures from the Health Protection Agency. The greatest increase has been in new infections of gonorrhoea, which rose by 25% (from 16 835 in 2010 to 20 965 in 2011), followed by a 10% rise in new cases of syphilis (from 2650 to 2915), and a 5% rise in new cases of herpes (29 794 to 31 154). There were 426 867 new diagnoses of STIs in 2011, up from 419 773 in 2010. The highest rise was among men who have sex with men. Among heterosexuals, rates remained highest among young adults aged 15 to 24 years. Gwenda Hughes, head of STI surveillance at the agency, said: “We anticipated some increase in diagnoses due to improvements in testing in recent years, but not on the scale seen here.” She told …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.022 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.067 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".