A new approach to the study of interfacial melting of ice: infrared spectroscopy
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Faraday observed in 1850 "that a particle of water which could retain the liquid state whilst touching ice on only one side, could not retain the liquid if it were touched by ice on both" (M. Faraday, Royal Institution Discourse, June 7, 1850; Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics (Taylor and Francis, New York, 1991)). Thus began the concept of interfacial melting, and the presence of a liquid water film on the surface of ice at temperatures of 0°C and below. Over the past few decades, there have been a number of measurements of interfacial melting. In some studies, the thickness of the thin film, variously called the quasi-liquid layer (QLL), liquid-like layer, surface melting layer, or premelting layer, has been determined. The results of these measurements demonstrate a striking variation depending on the experimental method and the nature of the ice samples. For example, at 0.1°C, the thickness values range over two orders of magnitude from around 1 to 100 nm. Although the disagreement can be partially explained by the differences in ice samples, the experimental techniques employed in measurements of the QLL thickness are based on different physical principals, and involve a web of assumptions for their deconvolution. We describe here the technique of infrared attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy that has been directed to the study of interfacial melting of ice for the first time. PACS No.: 83.50Lh
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it