Hematoidin (Crystallized Bilirubin) Crystals in an Atypical Meningioma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hematoidin, first described by Virchow, results from histiocytic breakdown of extravasated red blood cells into hemosiderin, which is converted to biliverdin, then reduced to iron free crystallized bilirubin, or hematoidin, in a hypoxic environment. Crystalline structures, typically sunburst or rhomboid, may be found extracellularly or intracellularly. An 82-year-old male presented with a slowly growing mass on the vertex of the head. Neuroimaging demonstrated a dural-based lesion, with lytic bone destruction of the skull and extension into the scalp (Figure 1A). Histology showed an atypical meningioma. In the subcutaneous tumor, adjacent to hemorrhage, there were intrahistiocytic and extracellular golden crystalline structures in starburst 510028 IJSXXX10.1177/1066896913510028International Journal of Surgical PathologyStueck and Easton research-article2013
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".