Soluble and Recoverable Support for Copper Bromide-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transition-metal-mediated living radical polymerizations (atom transfer radical polymerization, ATRP) have many potential applications, but the high concentration of residual catalyst colors their products. Supporting catalyst on insoluble solids has been used to reduce the content of residual catalyst and to reuse the catalyst, but the ability of the supported catalyst to mediate a polymerization is substantially reduced due to heterogeneity. Here we report a soluble but recoverable catalyst support for ATRP. Poly(ethylene)- block -poly(ethylene glycol) (PE-PEG) was soluble in toluene above 70 °C but insoluble at room temperature. CuBr supported on PE-PEG via tetraethyldiethylenetriamine thus mediated living polymerizations of methyl methacrylate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, and styrene as homogeneous catalyst at 80 or 100 °C, producing polymers with well-controlled molecular weight and very low polydispersity. The catalyst recycled at ambient temperature retained high activity and still mediated living polymerizations as well as the fresh catalyst. Subsequent block copolymerization confirmed its living nature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".