HDL Cholesterol and TaqIB Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene Polymorphism in Renal Transplant Recipients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Decreased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general population and have been suggested as one of the best predictor of CHD after renal transplantation. However, very heterogeneous HDL-C levels have been reported in renal transplant recipients. In this patient population, serum HDL-C levels are determined by complex interactions between hormonal, environmental (such as a high amount of abdominal adipose tissue), and genetic factors and drugs (particularly glucocorticoids). We, therefore, evaluated the effects of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene TaqIB polymorphism as well as of abdominal obesity on HDL-C levels in 78 male renal transplant recipients who were receiving azathioprine and/or ciclosporin A in combination with prednisone as immunosuppression. The patients were classified into genotypic groups according to the presence or absence of the restriction site (B1 allele or B2 allele, respectively). The distribution of CETP genotypes was similar to that previously described in the general population. Overall, HDL-C levels were 19 and 26% higher in B1B2 and B2B2 patients as compared with B1B1 homozygotes (p < 0.05), even after control for other lipid measurements. Patients with abdominal obesity (waist girth >/=93 cm) showed reduced HDL-C levels as compared with lean (waist girth <93 cm) patients (1.20 +/- 0.28 vs. 1.42 +/- 0.41 mmol/l, respectively, p < 0.01). Moreover, the HDL-C levels were markedly affected by the CETP TaqIB polymorphism in lean patients (+28 and +41% in B1B2 and B2B2 as compared with B1B1 patients, p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed among obese patients. Significantly lower total cholesterol:HDL-C ratios were obtained in lean B2B2 homozygotes, suggesting that these patients could be less susceptible to atherosclerosis than lean B1B1 homozygotes. In addition, patients with the B1B1 genotype had more documented CHD as compared with patients carrying at least one B2 allele, supporting the protective effect of the B2 allele against CHD. In conclusion, considerable variation in HDL-C levels appears to be explained by the CETP TaqIB gene polymorphism in male renal transplant recipients, but this potential protective gene effect appears strongly reduced by concomitant abdominal obesity.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".