Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Norman Wells pipeline has operated for over 20 years, transporting crude oil from Norman Wells, Northwest Territories to Zama, Alberta. The pipeline route traverses 869 km of discontinuous permafrost. The stability of the slopes along the route required that rapid thawing of ice-rich permafrost be avoided, lest the high porewater pressures that develop on thawing would cause instability. To reduce the thawing rate, a layer of wood chips was used as surface insulation. Approximately one-half of the insulated slopes were instrumented with thermistors and piezometers to monitor the thawing and the development of porewater pressures. This paper compares the actual performance of the insulated and non-insulated slopes to the original design predictions. Thaw depth is presented in terms of the square root of time. The likely original design intent of insulated sites was to restore a level of surface insulation that would represent a “cleared but otherwise undisturbed surface condition”. The actual performance of most of these sites was more dramatic than this. Factors that may have contributed to the greater than expected thawing are examined, including site orientation, preclearing, and soil type.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".