Role of transforming growth factor-β1 in gene expression and activity of estradiol and progesterone-generating enzymes in FSH-stimulated bovine granulosa cells
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Survival and inhibitory factors regulate steroidogenesis and determine the fate of developing follicles. The objective of this study was to determine the role of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1) in the regulation of estradiol-17beta (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) secretion in FSH-stimulated bovine granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were obtained from 2 to 5 mm follicles and cultured in serum-free medium. FSH dose (1 and 10 ng/ml for 6 days) and time in culture (2, 4, and 6 days with 1 ng/ml FSH) increased E(2) secretion and mRNA expression of E(2)-related enzymes cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A1) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1), but not HSD17B7. TGFB1 in the presence of FSH (1 ng/ml) inhibited E(2) secretion, and decreased mRNA expression of FSH receptor (FSHR), CYP19A1, and HSD17B1, but not HSD17B7. FSH dose did not affect P(4) secretion and mRNA expression of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) and alpha-glutathione S-transferase (GSTA), but inhibited the amount of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) mRNA. Conversely, P(4) and mRNA expression of STAR, cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1), HSD3B, and GSTA increased with time in culture. TGFB1 inhibited P(4) secretion and decreased mRNA expression of STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B, and GSTA. TGFB1 modified the formation of granulosa cell clumps and reduced total cell protein. Finally, TGFB1 decreased conversion of androgens to E(2), but did not decrease the conversion of estrone (E(1)) to E(2) and pregnenolone to P(4). Overall, these results indicate that TGFB1 counteracts stimulation of E(2) and P(4) synthesis in granulosa cells by inhibiting key enzymes involved in the conversion of androgens to E(2) and cholesterol to P(4) without shutting down HSD17B reducing activity and HSD3B activity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it