The multitude and localized protest: the example of the Quebec student strike
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The financial crisis and the ensuing budgetary cuts that have been imposed in many countries have sparked anti-austerity protests. One of the striking features of movements that self-identify as progressive is that they have directed the best part of their claims, efforts and discontent at state authorities. The reality of protest on the ground then seems to diverge from influential accounts of resistance such as Hardt and Negri’s, who point to its necessarily diffuse, transnational character. Although it suggests helpful ways to think about power, resistance and ethics on a transnational scale, Hardt and Negri's theoretical construction partly fails to capture the antagonisms and organizational forms that have emerged in the recent protest cycle. In order to remedy some of these weaknesses, the article borrows from social movement theory. It argues that the combination of Hardt and Negri's broader philosophical claims, themselves largely inspired by Italian autonomism, with a more sociological take on protest, can help us better identify the antagonisms and social forms pertaining to contemporary anti-austerity movements but also the organizational and strategic possibilities within local and national contexts. The results of this conversation are then applied to a specific struggle, the Quebec student strike.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.038 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".