Predisposing Factors and Outcomes of Malignant Skin Tumors in Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although benign and metastatic tumors occur in children, primary malignant skin tumors are uncommon in the pediatric population. In this study, the authors aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, treatment, reconstruction details, and outcome of malignant skin tumors occurring in pediatric patients at the Hospital for Sick Children. METHODS: The electronic database (CoPath) of the pathology department was searched for all cases of malignant skin tumors treated surgically between January of 2000 and September of 2008. RESULTS: Eighteen patients had been diagnosed and treated surgically for malignant skin tumors. The mean age was 10.4 years. Diagnosis of malignant melanoma was made in 14 patients, diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma was made in four patients, and diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made in one patient. The most common sites of occurrence were lower limbs (33 percent) and face (28 percent). Gorlin syndrome was an underlying predisposing condition in three patients with basal cell carcinoma. All cases of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma underwent surgical resection and primary closure or skin graft. Of the patients with malignant melanoma, seven underwent surgical excision and primary closure and five had excision and skin graft. Eleven patients underwent sentinel node biopsy (Breslow thickness > or = 0.75 mm). Interferon was used as an adjuvant therapy in patients with positive regional lymph nodes. One patient with melanoma suffered a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant skin tumors are rare in children. In accordance with previously published data, malignant melanoma was the most frequent tumor in our study. Epithelial tumors were less common and were all associated with an underlying predisposing condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".