Defence counsel in early modern Scotland: A study based on the High Court of Justiciary
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article explores the practice of those advocates who acted as counsel for defenders in Scotland in the High Court of Justiciary in the early seventeenth century. By 1587, defence counsel was confirmed as a ‘right’ in Scotland in every criminal court except the Privy Council. The advocates who acted as counsel were well educated and respected members of their profession, amounting to possibly forty-one per cent of the bar. They served their clients both in and out of court, and their services were vital: a defender was much more likely to be convicted if he did not have defence counsel. Their pleadings also help to illustrate the conservative nature of Scots criminal law. The way in which defence counsel developed and functioned can be seen as an example of the growing professionalization of the law and its institutions in early modern Scotland.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it