Competitive and facilitative interactions within and between two species of coastal dune perennials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While there is substantial evidence for facilitation, the effects of such factors as stress and species identity on positive interactions remain controversial. At two coastal dune sites, I tested the hypotheses that facilitative interactions increase with increasing stress and disturbance along an environmental gradient and that facilitative interactions are stronger among heterospecific than among conspecific individuals. I transplanted Uniola paniculata and Iva imbricata plants into plots along with four conspecific neighbors, four heterospecific neighbors, or no neighbors across an environmental gradient. Neighbors increased target plant survival, suggesting facilitation, but biomass of targets was reduced by the presence of neighbors, suggesting competition. Unexpectedly, competition was greatest in the purportedly most stressful and disturbed zone. In this study, the outcome of neighbor interactions differed for biomass and survival and depended on position along the environmental gradient, but was independent of neighbor identity.Key words: competition, disturbance, facilitation, Iva imbricata, stress, Uniola paniculata.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".