Solubilization of Naphthalene by Pure and Mixed Surfactants
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surfactant-enhanced remediation technology has shown promising potential for removing residual organics from contaminated soils and groundwater. Using a homologous series of cationic surfactants, alkylpyridinium bromide, it was found that the molar solubilization ratio (MSR) for naphthalene decreases with decreasing carbon number in the hydrophobic tail. In contrast, with nonylphenyl ethoxylates (nonionic surfactants), the MSR for naphthalene does not show appreciable changes with varying number of ethylene oxide groups in the hydrophilic head. MSR values for naphthalene in the presence of ionic surfactants with similar tail length depend on the charge of the headgroup. In addition, the behavior of naphthalene solubilization using cationic−nonionic and anionic−nonionic surfactant mixtures deviates considerably from that of ideal mixing. More interestingly, however, results from batch and column experiments reveal that the interactions between surfactant molecules and sand surfaces, particularly surfactant adsorption, play a critical role in determining the organics removal efficiency from sand matrixes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it