Novel reactor for cyanide solution treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents the treatment of cyanide solution being derived from the aluminum industry by direct contact with thermal plasma in a novel reactor. The energy is provided by a plasma submerged in the solution which allows direct contact between the plasma and the solution. The scope of this study was to determine the feasibility of treating free and complex cyanides in solution through bench‐scale operations. An innovative reactor was designed and fabricated to provide stable operating conditions. Many parameters were studied, such as the NaOH concentration (32 and 57 g/L), initial SPL (Spent PotLining) leachate concentration (154 and 354 mg/L), plasma power (10 and 19 kW) and relative reactor pressure (0 and 1.34 MPa). These experiments allowed us to evaluate the kinetics of complex cyanide decomposition under thermal plasma conditions. At atmospheric pressure (about 100°C), the rate of cyanide decomposition was 12 times greater than that of thermal hydrolysis occurring in a plug flow reactor at the same temperature. These improvements are attributed to the presence of both steep thermal gradients and reaction photocatalysis by the plasma UV radiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".