Infection of radiata and bishop pine by <i>Mycosphaerella</i> <i>pini</i> in California
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infection of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) and bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don) by Myco sphaerella pini Rostr. in Munk was determined on needles of infected forest trees in central to northern coastal California. Conidia from infected trees were used to inoculate radiata pine seedlings maintained in constant and (or) fluctuating moisture and temperature regimes. On needles of radiata pine but not bishop pine plantation trees, most conidial germ tubes grew directly towards and entered the nearest epistomatal opening. On inoculated radiata pine seedlings in infection chambers, germ tubes grew haphazardly and few entered openings. Germ tubes entered epistomatal openings more often on abaxial than adaxial needle surfaces of both plantation trees and inoculated seedlings, and more lesions developed on the abaxial surface. Simple hyphae penetrated through epistomatal chambers, between guard cells, and into substomatal chambers. On radiata pine plantation trees, germ tubes that penetrated below guard cells occasionally formed substomatal vesicles. On needles of northern race bishop pine that had few disease lesions per needle, substomatal vesicles were common and frequently partially disintegrated. On seedlings, "water-soaked" spots formed 5 days after hyphae of the fungus penetrated slightly below guard cells. Development of typical lesions was delayed when seedlings were initially exposed to up to 16 days of continuous mist spray and then kept dry for 8 weeks. Penetration on inoculated seedlings was significantly greater in a variable than in a constant air temperature regime on abaxial needle surfaces, and greater in 24 h/day than in a 16 h/day exposure of seedlings to mist spray. In both temperature regimes more needles were infected on seedlings exposed to 24 h/day mist spray and fewest were infected in the variable temperature, 16 h/day moisture regime.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".