Design for forces induced by seismic torsion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eccentricities between the centres of rigidity and centres of mass in a building cause torsional motion during an earthquake. Seismic torsion leads to increased displacement at the extremes of the building and may cause distress in the lateral load-resisting elements located at the edges, particularly in buildings that are torsionally flexible. For an equivalent static load method of design against torsion, the 1995 National Building Code of Canada specifies values of the eccentricity of points through which the inertia forces of an earthquake should be applied. In general, the code requirements are quite conservative. They do not place any restriction on the torsional flexibility, however. New proposals for 2005 edition of the code which simplify the design eccentricity expressions and remove some of the unnecessary conservatism are described. The new proposals will require that a dynamic analysis method of design be used when the torsional flexibility of the building is large. Results of analytical studies, which show that the new proposals would lead to satisfactory design, are presented.Key words: torsional response to earthquake, natural torsion, accidental torsion, design for torsion, National Building Code of Canada, interdependence of strength and stiffness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".