Change in morphology of fuel cell membranes under shearing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of shearing on Nafion/water systems was investigated using Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD). This simulation approach has been shown to accurately reveal the morphology of such systems in the steady state. We first confirmed that the length of the Nafion chain, 5 and 20 DPD units, has no influence on the overall morphology for four different concentrations, 10, 20, 30, and 40%, of water. Shearing effects with 0.05 and 0.2 rates were then studied according to the Nafion chain length, 5 and 20 DPD units, and water content, 10 and 30%. It was shown that low water contents and long chain length lead to the formation of water-rich tubes, aligned with the shear direction. The formation of such channels can ultimately lead to an increase in the proton conductivity at low humidity. The size of these water tubes thus results from a combined influence of shear strain, chain relaxation time, interfacial tension and water content.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".