Hybridization in Sunfish Influences the Muscle Metabolic Phenotype
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hybridization has the potential to exert pleiotropic effects on metabolism. Effects on mitochondrial enzymes may arise through incompatibilities in nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of the enzyme complexes of oxidative phosphorylation. We explored the metabolic phenotype of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), and their unidirectional F(1) hybrids (male bluegill × female pumpkinseed). In hybrids, glycolytic enzyme activities were indistinguishable from (aldolase, pyruvate kinase) or intermediate to (lactate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase) parentals, but complex IV activities aligned with pumpkinseed, both 30% lower than bluegill. In isolated mitochondria, the specific activities of complexes I, II, and V were indistinguishable between groups. However, both complex III and IV showed indications of depressed activities in hybrid mitochondria, though no effects on mitochondrial state 3 or state 4 respiration were apparent. The patterns in complex IV activities were due to differences in enzyme content rather than enzyme V(max); immunoblots comparing complex IV content with catalytic activity were indistinguishable between groups. The sequence differences in complex IV catalytic subunits (CO1, CO2, CO3) were minor in nature; however, the mtDNA-encoded subunit of complex III (cytochrome b) showed eight differences between bluegill and pumpkinseed, several of which could have structural consequences to the multimeric enzyme, contributing to the depressed complex III catalytic activity in hybrids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".