How bird droppings can affect the vegetation composition of ombrotrophic bogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ombrotrophic bogs depend on nutrient input from the atmosphere, so bird droppings may be a significant nutrient source. We studied the influx of N, P, and K by bird droppings, and the effects of this nutrient influx on the vegetation composition and development of Irish ombrotrophic bogs. Bird droppings significantly increased the influx of N, K, and particularly P. Concentrations of N, P, and K in the peat and vegetation were much higher at sites with bird droppings than at reference sites without bird droppings. Pinus sylvestris L. trees were able to grow much better at the sites with bird droppings, and growth was severely limited by P and K at the reference sites. Sites with bird droppings allowed atypical species to grow on ombrotrophic bogs. This change in vegetation composition alters the structure of the ombrotrophic vegetation locally, thereby affecting the atmospheric nutrient input and interception of precipitation.Key words: nitrogen, nutrient limitation, potassium, phosphorus, Pinus sylvestris, soil CO2 evolution, Sphagnum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".