A Column Apparatus for Investigation of 1-D Unsaturated-Saturated Response of Sand-Geotextile Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper is focused on the details of an experimental device that was used to investigate the transient unsaturated-saturated hydraulic response of sand-geotextile layers under conditions of 1-D constant head surface infiltration. The column was instrumented with inexpensive tensiometer-transducer devices to measure pore water pressures and conductivity probes to measure wetting front migration. The results of two tests are presented to demonstrate the use of the apparatus. One test was carried out using a sand column and the second test was nominally identical but included a horizontal woven geotextile layer at about mid-depth. The test results demonstrate that the apparatus can detect differences in the unsaturated response of the two systems. For example, transient ponding of water was measured above the surface of the geotextile layer commencing from an initial unsaturated condition despite the relatively high saturated permeability of the woven material. In addition, there was a small but detectable delay in the hydraulic flow after the wetting front reached the geotextile layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".