Sex differences in immunity in two species of field crickets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immune defense often differs between the sexes, with males often having a weaker response, at least among many vertebrates. We examined encapsulation ability, a cell-mediated immune response, in laboratory and field populations of two species of field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou, 1841) and Teleogryllus commodus (Walker, 1869), which have different life histories. In the seasonally breeding T. commodus, males show a stronger encapsulation response than females in both the laboratory and the field, although the difference is more marked under field conditions. The aseasonal T. oceanicus showed no sex difference in encapsulation in either field or laboratory samples fed ad libitum, but when food was experimentally reduced, the same pattern of stronger male response emerged. It is possible that this pattern may result from selection on females to increase investment in reproduction when time and energy for breeding are limited, as is more likely for seasonal breeders or animals under food restriction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".