Noninvasive carotid imaging to select patients for endarterectomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the last decade, randomized controlled trials (RCT) have demonstrated unequivocally that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces the risk of stroke in patients with recently symptomatic 70 to 99% carotid stenosis. Benefit for 50 to 69% symptomatic stenosis, and for asymptomatic stenosis, is more modest.1 Conventional angiography was used to select patients for surgery in these trials. However, given the risks of death and disabling stroke due to angiography (1.2% in the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study2 versus 1.1% for surgery itself), safer noninvasive techniques of imaging have been sought. Doppler ultrasound techniques are safe and relatively easy to perform, but when compared with angiography have only moderate sensitivity (65 to 87%) and specificity (71 to 91%) for detection of stenoses that would be appropriate for …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".