Polymeric Capsules Prepared by in Situ Synthesis and Cross-Linking of Amphiphilic Copolymer by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A technique for encapsulation of polar organic solvents using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by suspension polymerization was developed to encapsulate diphenyl ether (solubility parameter δ = 20.9 MPa 1/2 ) for the first time. An amphiphilic terpolymer was prepared by suspension polymerization, by first preparing poly(methyl methacrylate- co -poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate), P(MMA- co -PegMA), oligomers in solution conditions, followed by addition of a cross-linking monomer, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, to the polymerization solution, and then transfer of this oil phase to a stirred aqueous phase. The thermodynamic requirement for encapsulation of polar core oils is that the polymer has low interfacial tensions with both the oil phase and the water phase. Therefore, increasing the polarity of the copolymer by increasing its PegMA content (0−31 mol %) led to a transition in suspension particle morphology from matrix to multihollow and hollow particles. Furthermore, particles prepared with similar monomer feed ratios by conventional free radical polymerization (CFRP) did not exhibit a multihollow structure. We attribute this difference in ATRP and CFRP suspension particle morphology to the slow rate of the ATRP reaction which allows sufficient time for diffusion of the forming polymer chains to the oil−water interface, resulting in the thermodynamically favored hollow particle morphology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".