A seasonally lagged signal of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the North Pacific
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been identified as an important mode of variability in the climate system. However, little is known about its impact on the climate of the North Pacific region. In this paper, we discuss the existence of a seasonally lagged signal of the NAO in the North Pacific region. In particular, we show that the spring sea‐level pressures (SLPs) and surface temperatures in the region are positively correlated with the characteristics of the NAO during the preceding winter. This signal is identified in a number of long‐term climate data sets including a Japanese tree‐ring time series that has been shown to be a proxy for spring temperatures in the North Pacific region. We identify two distinct mechanisms responsible for this lagged signal: one involving sea‐surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific and the other involving Eurasian snow anomalies. We show that both these anomalies develop during the winter and persist into spring, resulting in the observed lagged response. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".