Formation of Two Chromium(III) Dithiocarbamates from Cr(VI) in Solvent Extraction System and Origin of Oxygen Atom in Bis(1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioato)[1-pyrrolidinecarbothio(thioperoxoato)]chromium(III)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In order to explore the cause of a distinctive extraction behavior of Cr(VI) in the dithiocarbamate formation-solvent extraction systems, extracted chromium compounds were investigated and relationships between the formation of the compounds and the extraction behavior were studied. Chromatographic separation and spectroscopic analyses showed that two kinds of chromium(III) dithiocarbamates (i.e. tris(1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioato)chromium(III) and bis(1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioato)[1-pyrrolidinecarbothio(thioperoxoato)]chromium(III)) were formed and extracted in an ammonium 1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioate (APCD)/diisobutyl ketone (DIBK) solvent extraction system. The two products comprised most of the extracted chromium. Concentrations of the two dithiocarbamates in extracts were determined using double wavelengths analysis. The dependence of concentration ratio of the two complexes on pH was also investigated. The results of the investigation clarified that a major extract obtained under high pH condition was the thioperoxo complex and that the percentage of the tris complex increased with decreasing pH. Furthermore, it was clarified that the unusual extraction behavior of chromate was distinguished by the formation of thioperoxo complex. In order to elucidate the formation mechanism of the thioperoxo complex, the origin of an oxygen atom in the molecule of the thioperoxo complex was determined with an isotope labeling technique. The labeling experiments clarified that the source of the oxygen atom of the complex molecule was chromate ion and that the oxygen atom was fixed to chromium atom prior to the rate determination step of the formation of the thioperoxo complex.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it