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Record W2009165289 · doi:10.3138/carto.43.2.125

Maps as Predictive Tools: Mind the Gap

2008· article· en· W2009165289 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Ferjan Ormeling, M.J. Kraak

Bibliographic record

VenueCartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGeographic Information Systems Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsOverlayQuality (philosophy)Computer scienceOrder (exchange)Machine learningData scienceRisk analysis (engineering)Artificial intelligenceBusiness

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

We use maps in order to be able to predict the situation in a distant place at a specific time. Or to predict by which combination of routes that distant place can best be reached by car. Or to predict the number of vocational schools for farmers required in a specific location. Or to predict whether our nation will be able to feed its own citizens, if need be, in five years. Of course, maps have other uses as well. We can use them for analytical purposes, for storage purposes, for educational purposes, or for propaganda purposes, but, in the end, all of these uses are still predictive. The success of each prediction depends on the quality of the maps – their fitness for use: Are they up to date? Do they have enough detail? Have their areas been adequately surveyed? Has reality been modelled or categorized adequately or relevantly? And, if the maps are the result of some overlay procedure, we would like them to be as good at predicting the situation as the maps on which they were based.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.899
Threshold uncertainty score0.996

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0050.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.003
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.039
GPT teacher head0.325
Teacher spread0.286 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations6
Published2008
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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