Carbon nanotubes from the dissociation of C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>using a dc thermal plasma torch
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are produced using a 100 kW dc non-transferred plasma torch and C2Cl4 as the carbon precursor. Catalytic metallic nanoparticles are generated in situ using the tungsten metal vapours emitted by the electrode erosion process. Large quantities of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and spherical (onion-like) carbon structures are observed under FE-SEM and TEM. Preliminary results are given here on the effect of the type and pressure of the gas in the reactor on the zone of CNT nucleation. A large amount of CNTs, over 50 µm in length, is observed to grow within the torch nozzle at 0.26 atm pressure in helium and argon. Increasing the pressure to 0.66 atm in both gases has the effect of pushing the CNT production downstream in the gas phase within the main reactor.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".