NPY and NPY receptors: presence, distribution and roles in the regulation of the endocardial endothelium and cardiac function
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Discussion and conclusionThere is not doubt today that NPY does play a role in regulating cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ in heart cells including ventricular cardiomyocytes and EECs. The recent work in the literature including ours, agree that the major effect of NPY in both ventricular cardiomyocytes and EECs is mediated primarily by the activation of the Y1 and Y2 receptors. However, other NPY receptors may also contribute to the peptide’s effect on cardiomyocytes and EECs such as the Y5 receptors. The mechanisms by which these effects take place could be via indirect activation of the voltage dependent resting R-type Ca2+ channels. One important aspect that should be mentioned is that EECs could be an important source of NPY which may highly contribute to both circulating NPY as well as locally released NPY. Furthermore, the presence of different types of NPY receptors in the nuclear membranes may suggest that these receptors may also contribute to the modulation of nuclear function and more particularly to the regulation of nucleoplasmic Ca2+ metabolism which is known to modulate nuclear function and transport. It is very likely that overactivation of different NPY receptors in both cardiomyocytes and EECs and more particularly the Y1 and Y5 receptors could be implicated in hypertrophy and cardiac heart failure. We are quite sure that future work in the field of NPY and cardiac function will help us to better understand the implication of this peptide in cardiac physiopathology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".