Mesure du module en petites déformations d'un sol autour d'une conduite enterrée : présentation d'un nouvel essai in situ
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new method of measurement of backfill stiffness around buried flexible pipe is presented. It consists of using flexible pipe as an expanding pressiometric probe. The pipe dilatation is obtained by an internal jacking test that causes a relatively small three-dimensional "ovalization" around 0.05%. We obtain a force-displacement curve along the force axis as well as the damping of the displacement in the longitudinal direction up to one diameter in range. Knowing the pipe mechanical characteristics, we can calculate Young's modulus of the backfill in the domain of small deformations. The paper describes the test procedure as well as the modulus computation technique, which is based upon a three-dimensional parametric study using the finite element method. The results obtained in a jacking test conducted on iron pipe of 1.4 m in diameter and 8.0 m in length are presented. The computed moduli are compared with the ones obtained in laboratory testing using resonant-column and cyclic triaxial tests.Key words: buried pipes, jacking test, soil stiffness, soil-structure interaction, three-dimensional analysis, finite elements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".