Frequency-sweep fourier tranform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A single ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) absorption spectrum showing both CH and CH signals has been obtained by exciting both ion cyclotron resonances with a frequency-swept rf irradiation, followed by broad-band detection, digitization of the (timedomain) response, and finally discrete Fourier transformation to produce the (frequency-domain) spectrum. Pulsed-excitution Fourier transform ICR has demonstrated the use of broad-band detection in rapid generation of ICR spectra by Fourier transform methods; this paper demonstrates that frequency-sweep excitation can provide the broad-band irradiation required to excite ion cyclotron resonances throughout any desired mass range. It will thus be possible to obtain an ICR absorption spectrum of given mass range, signal-to-noise ratio, and resolution in an observation period which is two orders of magnitude shorter than that needed to obtain the same spectrum by conventional slow-sweep detection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".