Plasma membrane Cl<sup>-</sup>/HCO<sub>3</sub>-exchangers: Structure, mechanism and physiology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anion exchanger proteins facilitate the exchange of bicarbonate for chloride across the plasma membrane. When bicarbonate combines with a proton it undergoes conversion into CO₂, either spontaneously, or catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzymes. The CO₂/HCO₃⁻ equilibrium is the body's central pH buffering system. Rapid bicarbonate transport across the plasma membrane is essential to maintain cellular and whole body pH, to dispose of metabolic waste CO₂, and to control fluid movement in our bodies. Cl⁻/HCO₃⁻ exchangers are found in two distinct gene families: SLC4A and SLC26A. Differences in the tissue distribution, electrogenicity, and regulation of the specific anion exchanger proteins allow for precise regulation of bicarbonate transport throughout the human body. This review provides a look into the structural and functional features that make this family of proteins unique, as well as the physiological significance of the different anion exchangers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".