Phase transitions at strong coupling in the 2+1-d abelian Higgs model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We study, using numerical Monte-Carlo simulations, an effective description of the 2+1 dimensional Abelian Higgs model which is valid at strong coupling, in the broken symmetry sector. In this limit, the massive gauge boson and the massive neutral Higgs decouple leaving only the massive vortices. The vortices have no long range interactions. We find a phase transition as the mass of the vortices is made lighter and lighter. At the transition, the contributions to the functional integral come from a so-called infinite vortex anti-vortex loop. Adding the Chern-Simons term simply counts the linking number between the vortices. We find that the Wilson loop exhibits perimeter law behaviour in both phases, although the polarization cloud increases by an order of magnitude at the transition. We also study the 't Hooft loop. We find the 't Hooft loop exhibits perimeter law behaviour in the presence of the Chern-Simons term but is trivial in its absence. Thus we have a theory with perimeter law for both the Wilson loop and the 't Hooft loop, but contains no massless particles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".