Impact of emerging pollutants on pulmonary inflammation in asthmatic rats: ethanol vapors and agglomerated TiO<sub>2</sub>nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A. Scarinoa, A. Noëlb, P. M. Renzic, Y. Cloutierd, R. Vincente, G. Truchond, R. Tardifb & M. Charbonneau*aa INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canadab Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail. Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canadac CHUM Research Center, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canadad Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montreal, Quebec, Canadae Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaAddress for Correspondence: Michel Charbonneau, Ph. D. Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7 Canada. Tel: (450) 687-5010 ext. 8831. Fax: (450) 686-5309. E-mail: michel.charbonneau@iaf.inrs.caContext: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) and ethanol vapors are air contaminants with increasing importance. The presence of a pathological pulmonary condition, such as asthma, may increase lung susceptibility to such contaminants.Objective: This study aimed to investigate if exposure to inhaled ethanol vapors or nano-TiO2 can modulate the rat pulmonary inflammatory response resulting from an allergic asthmatic reaction.Materials and methods: Brown Norway rats were sensitized (sc) and challenged (15 min inhalation, 14 days later) with chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA). Leukocytes were counted in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) performed at 6, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h following the challenge and either after ethanol exposures (3000 ppm, 6 h/day, daily) or at 48 h (peak inflammation) for nano-TiO2 exposures (9.35 mg/m3 aerosol for 6 and 42 h after the OVA challenge). For the nano-TiO2 exposures, plasma and BAL cytokines were measured and lung histological analyzes were performed.Results: Exposure to ethanol did not significantly affect BAL leukocytes after OVA challenge. Exposure to nano-TiO2 significantly decreased BAL leukocytes compared to OVA-challenged controls. Plasma and BAL IL-4, IL-6, and INF-γ levels were also decreased in the nano-TiO2 group.Discussion: While ethanol vapors do not modify the pulmonary inflammation in rats during an asthmatic response, a surprising protective effect for agglomerated nano-TiO2 was observed. A putative mechanistic basis involving a decrease in the Th2 response caused by OVA is proposed.Conclusion: Allergic pulmonary inflammation is not up-regulated by inhalation of the pollutants ethanol and nano-TiO2. On the contrary, nano-TiO2 decreases lung inflammation in asthmatic rats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".