Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Numerical simulation of the insitu combustion process is complicated by sharp gradients, with different temporal and special regimes applying to the reaction front and diffusional transport. It is not possible to achieve fine scale solutions at field scale in a reasonable time, owing to the onerous computer requirements. Instead, grid coarsening procedures were used. Simulation solutions were obtained for a homogeneous reservoir section of the THAI® field pilot, near Conklin, Alberta, Canada. The reservoir model did not include an interbedded shale layer, or bottom water layer, and the study therefore represents a non-optimal, first stage simulation of the THAI process, prior to incorporating more reservoir complexities. The results show that the process is inherently stable over a six year operating period, since there was no oxygen in the produced gas. High temperatures are generated in the narrow combustion front zone (900 °C) but 60 m ahead the temperature is 500 – 600 °C. Rapid desaturation of reservoir water takes place ahead of the combustion front, allowing combustion gases to enter into the colder bitumen layers, thereby creating some oil mobility. Of particular significance, is the existence of a narrow, high saturation, Steam Zone, extending to more than 15 m, and up to 30 m during later stages of production. The steam zone propagates at up three times faster than that of the combustion front. Also, the Mobile Oil Zone (MOZ) is very significant characteristic of the THAI process throughout the whole production period. However, the temperature in the MOZ, close to the horizontal producer well, is quite low, around 150–180 °C. The oil recovery factor was approximately 60 % in the zone swept by the gas-steam front. Oil production peaked at 69 m3/day rate, averaging 350 barrrels per day for the single well pair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".