Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand and CD56 Expression in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Our previous report showed that beta-cell antigen-specific CD56+ T-cells and cytokine TRAIL mediate destruction of human pancreatic [beta] cells in vitro. To determine whether CD56 and TRAIL are present during islet cell destruction at the onset of clinical symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), we studied cell marker and cytokine expression in the pancreatic islets of 2 children who died at presentation of acute-onset T1D and in T-cell lines derived from a group of children with new-onset T1D. METHODS: TRAIL, CD56, and other T-cell markers and cytokine expression were studied using immunohistochemistry on pancreatic sections from 2 children with acute-onset T1D. TRAIL and CD56 expression was analyzed by flow cytometry in the antigen-activated T-cell lines derived from 29 children with new-onset T1D. RESULTS: TRAIL+, CD56+, CD45RO+, and CD3+ cells were present in the islets of acute-onset T1D patients, while none were present in the normal islets. T-cell lines from new-onset T1D expressed TRAIL and CD56 in response to stimulation with beta-cell antigens GAD, IA-2 and insulin beta chain. CONCLUSION: The presence of TRAIL and CD56 markers is part of the T-cell response repertoire in beta-cell destruction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it