Estrogen-dependent abdominal hyperalgesia induced by ovariectomy in adult mice: A model of functional abdominal pain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Some abdominal pain syndromes are characterized by persistent pain without demonstrable pathology. Many of them are prevalent in women and it is known that sex hormones are associated with differences in pain perception between males and females. To model a process of functional abdominal pain in females we studied the time course and estrogen dependency of a hyperalgesic state induced by ovariectomy in adult mice. Three groups of C57/BL6 mice were used: virgin mice, proven breeders (2 or 3 successful pregnancies) and retired breeders (more than three successful pregnancies). Within each group, a third of the mice were ovariectomized (OVX), a third received sham surgery and a third were controls. OVX mice, but not sham or controls, developed a robust mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia in the abdomen, hindlimbs and proximal tail, but not in the forelimbs, that was established 4 weeks after OVX and lasted for the 7 weeks of the experiment. Increases in visceral sensitivity were also observed in OVX mice. Thermal pain thresholds (hot plate) remained unchanged. The reproductive history of the animals had no influence on the hyperalgesia. In another series of experiments a slow release pellet containing 17beta-estradiol was implanted in half of the OVX mice and a similar pellet without the hormone in the other half. Hormone replacement prevented the development of hyperalgesia in OVX animals but did not stop the involution of the internal reproductive organs. We conclude that OVX in mice provides a useful model for a hormonally dependent hyperalgesic state resembling functional pain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".