Effects Of Isometric Handgrip Exercise On Post-exercise Hypotension In Medicated Hypertensives.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is a prominent risk factor for the world's leading cause of death, cardiovascular disease. Isometric handgrip (IHG) training (4, 2-minute isometric contractions performed at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction and separated by a timed rest period, 3X/week for 8-weeks) is a novel form of exercise training repeatedly shown to reduce resting arterial blood pressure (ABP) in hypertensive individuals. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH), a unique phenomenon characterized by sustained reductions in resting ABP following an acute bout of exercise, is most pronounced in this population. The effects of an acute bout of IHG using the traditional IHG training protocol on PEH in individuals with HT, however, are unknown. PURPOSE: To better understand IHG training and ABP regulation in individuals with HT, we tested the hypothesis that in medicated hypertensives, an acute bout of IHG would elicit sustained reductions in resting ABP. METHODS: Resting ABP and heart rate (HR) were measured 4 times: prior to IHG, immediately following a bout of IHG, 1-hour post-IHG, and 2-hours post-IHG. RESULTS: Of the 30 subjects recruited to participate in this study, only 4 have completed the investigation (n = 4, Female = 3, Age = 60.75 ± 6.19, Height = 64.75 ± 3.78, Weight = 211 ± 59.49; mean ± SD). Preliminary analysis shows that although systolic ABP (SBP), diastolic ABP (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were reduced immediately following a bout of IHG, these reductions were not statistically significant. Overall, no significant reductions in SBP, DBP or HR were observed at any time point (SBP: pre- 119.26 ± 19.78, immed. post- 113.92 ± 15.40, 1hr-post- 121.75 ± 11.82, 2-hrs post 122.22 ± 12.98; DBP: pre- 62.25 ± 4.86, immed. post- 60.58 ± 5.58, 1hr-post- 64.84 ± 8.68, 2-hrs post- 67.33 ± 6.17; HR: pre- 78.92 ± 8.38, immed. post- 73.33 ± 9.31, 1hr-post- 72.17 ± 2.80, 2-hrs post- 71.33 ± 5.61; all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to our hypothesis, these findings suggest a lack of PEH in medicated hypertensives following an acute bout of IHG. Our results must be interpreted with caution, however, as our small sample size likely contributed to the lack of supporting evidence. As our data currently suggest a trend toward PEH, we hope to report, following inclusion of the complete data set, a significant reduction in SBP and DBP following a bout of IHG.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".