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The Healer's Art: professionalism, service and mission

2005· article· en· W2009931218 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Rachel Naomi Remen, Michael W. Rabow

Bibliographic record

VenueMedical Education · 2005
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicEmpathy and Medical Education
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPsychologyCurriculumContext (archaeology)Medical educationConfidentialityPresentation (obstetrics)Professional developmentPedagogySociologyMedicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Context and setting Under the influence of a hidden curriculum that often runs counter to humanistic values, students tend to adopt a professional stance that devalues the service impulse that brought many of them into medicine. The Healer's Art is an elective course in values education for Year 1 and 2 medical students that was developed in 1992 at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and is currently taught at 33 schools in the USA and Canada. Why the idea was necessary Professionalism consists of more than expertise, technical competencies and ethics. It includes other meaningful but non-cognitive dimensions, such as values, service commitment, mission and the ability to establish a healing relationship. Instilling and strengthening professionalism may require a different educational approach than teaching professional expertise. While there are many calls to promote professionalism and student well-being, few educational strategies to address these deeper elements of professionalism have been evaluated or proven feasible nationally. What was done The Healer's Art includes 5 3-hour modules: Discovering and Nurturing your Wholeness; Sharing Loss and Honouring Grief (2 sessions); Beyond Analysis: Allowing Awe in Medicine; and Care of the Soul. Each module includes a brief faculty presentation and a guided reflection on personal experiences. Students then work in small groups of 4–5 students and 1 faculty doctor to share and examine what was discovered in the reflection. Students and faculty share as equals. Small groups agree on guidelines of interaction and confidentiality that allow each group member to feel heard, respected and safe. The Healer's Art is based on 4 educational concepts: medical education is a moral trajectory, and the curriculum not only informs but also transforms learners; meaning and values are antecedent of professionalism and professional commitment; values learning requires content to be engaged experientially using an interactive discovery model; and learners already know more than they realise about healing and the doctor−patient relationship. In sharing their stories, students and faculty directly experience basic principles of service and the healing relationship: safety, authentic listening and presence; intimacy, respect and trust; compassion and empathy; community, and commitment. Evaluation of results and impact The Healer's Art has attracted an average of 44% of the UCSF Year 1 class annually since 1992. The course is now offered at 33 medical schools in the USA and Canada. In 2003–04, standardised evaluations were collected from 23 of the 25 schools participating at the time, with 489 of 680 students (72.0%) and 88 of 174 faculty (50.1%) responding. Students rated the quality of the course highly (4.47 on a 5-point scale). Both students and faculty reported that the course provided important content not available elsewhere in the curriculum (4.59 and 4.76, respectively). Students and faculty reported using content from the course both professionally (65.7% and 75.0%, respectively) and personally (73.3% and 79.5%, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in evaluations of either the uniqueness or utility of the course based on student age, year in school, gender or medical school. Further evaluation of the course's short- and longterm impact is ongoing.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.666
Threshold uncertainty score0.807

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.379
Teacher spread0.359 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations48
Published2005
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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