Eruptive history and geochronology of the Mount Baker volcanic field, Washington
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| June 01, 2003 Eruptive history and geochronology of the Mount Baker volcanic field, Washington Wes Hildreth; Wes Hildreth 1Volcano Hazards Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Judy Fierstein; Judy Fierstein 1Volcano Hazards Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Marvin Lanphere Marvin Lanphere 1Volcano Hazards Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Wes Hildreth 1Volcano Hazards Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Judy Fierstein 1Volcano Hazards Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Marvin Lanphere 1Volcano Hazards Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 08 Jan 2002 Revision Received: 06 Nov 2002 Accepted: 29 Nov 2002 First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (2003) 115 (6): 729–764. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0729:EHAGOT>2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 08 Jan 2002 Revision Received: 06 Nov 2002 Accepted: 29 Nov 2002 First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Wes Hildreth, Judy Fierstein, Marvin Lanphere; Eruptive history and geochronology of the Mount Baker volcanic field, Washington. GSA Bulletin 2003;; 115 (6): 729–764. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0729:EHAGOT>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Mount Baker, a steaming, ice-mantled, andesitic stratovolcano, is the most conspicuous component of a multivent Quaternary volcanic field active almost continuously since 1.3 Ma. More than 70 packages of lava flows and ∼110 dikes have been mapped, ∼500 samples chemically analyzed, and ∼80 K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages determined. Principal components are (1) the ignimbrite-filled Kulshan caldera (1.15 Ma) and its precaldera and postcaldera rhyodacite lavas and dikes (1.29–0.99 Ma); (2) ∼60 intracaldera, hydrothermally altered, andesite-dacite dikes and pods—remnants of a substantial early-postcaldera volcanic center (1.1–0.6 Ma); (3) unaltered intracaldera andesite lavas and dikes, including those capping Ptarmigan and Lasiocarpa Ridges and Table Mountain (0.5–0.2 Ma); (4) the long-lived Chowder Ridge focus (1.29–0.1 Ma)—an andesite to rhyodacite eruptive complex now glacially reduced to ∼50 dikes and remnants of ∼10 lava flows; (5) Black Buttes stratocone, basaltic to dacitic, and several contemporaneous peripheral volcanoes (0.5–0.2 Ma); and (6) Mount Baker stratocone and contemporaneous peripheral volcanoes (0.1 Ma to Holocene). Glacial ice has influenced eruptions and amplified erosion throughout the lifetime of the volcanic field. Although more than half the material erupted has been eroded, liberal and conservative volume estimates for 77 increments of known age yield cumulative curves of volume erupted vs. time that indicate eruption rates in the range 0.17–0.43 km3/k.y. for major episodes and long-term background rates of 0.02–0.07 km3/k.y. Andesite and rhyodacite each make up nearly half of the 161 ± 56 km3 of products erupted, whereas basalt and dacite represent only a few cubic kilometers, each representing 1%–3% the total. During the past 4 m.y., the principal magmatic focus has migrated stepwise 25 km southwestward, from the edge of the Chilliwack batholith to present-day Mount Baker. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".