An evaluation of early cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with Turner syndrome
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Turner syndrome (TS) confers increased lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. We compared cardiometabolic risk factors and measures of subcutaneous, visceral adipose tissue and intra-myocellular lipid between young TS girls and an age- and BMI-standard deviation scores (SDS)-matched healthy female cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Nineteen TS and 17 control girls (13.7 ± 2.5 vs 12.7 ± 3.4 years of age, respectively, P = 0.30). Multiple-sample oral glucose tolerance test with measurement of fasting insulin, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, adiponectin and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was performed. Subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue intramyocellular lipid levels evaluated by magnetic resonance techniques. Insulin secretion (IS), sensitivity (Si) and the insulin secretion-sensitivity index (ISSI-2) were calculated from oral glucose tolerance test data. RESULTS: Five TS and no controls had impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance; none had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were similar between groups; ISSI-2 was lower in TS (923.5 ± 307.3 vs 659.1 ± 387.3; P = 0.03). TS girls had higher blood pressure (82.5 ± 13.6 vs 73.5 ± 5.5 mmHg; P = 0.0146), waist circumference (76.0 ± 11.8 vs 65.9 ± 9.7; P = 0.0087) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (135.6 ± 88.6 vs 69.3 ± 59.9; P = 0.01) than controls. Visceral adipose tissue, intramyocellular lipid levels and adiponectin were not different between groups. TS girls also had higher triglycerides (1.1 ± 0.6 vs 0.7 ± 0.3; P = 0.003), total cholesterol (4.4 ± 0.7 vs 3.9 ± 0.4; P = 0.02) and hsCRP (2.0 ± 1.9 vs 0.8 ± 0.3; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: TS girls exhibit more cardiometabolic risk factors and reduced beta cell function compared with age- and BMI-SDS-matched girls. Increased awareness of early risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in TS girls is needed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it