Imaging the doping and electroluminescence in extremely large planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An extremely large planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell with an interelectrode spacing of 11mm has been demonstrated. The large planar device structure allows for the imaging of doping propagation, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence (EL) with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Several unconventional EL modes have been observed based on the direct imaging of these devices with an interelectrode spacing ranging from 0.6to11mm. These include transient EL in a dynamic-junction device, EL from planar polymer/polymer heterojunction devices, and anomalous reverse-bias EL in a frozen-junction device. Transient EL occurs when the polarity of the applied bias is reversed after the device is fully turned on. The reversal of the applied bias causes the initiation and uneven propagation of fresh p doping within previously n-doped regions, and vise versa. This leads to the formation of transient, discrete, light-emitting p-n junctions near the electrodes before a continuous light-emission zone is formed by the complete reversal of the doping profile. In addition, planar cells consisting of a side-by-side polymer/polymer heterojunction have been demonstrated and imaged. The heterojunction in all working devices is found to be electronically conductive, but exhibits different ion-transport properties. Three types of polymer/polymer interface have been identified based on the imaging of doping and EL profiles. Finally, an anomalous reverse-bias EL mode has been observed in a planar frozen-junction device. The device was turned on at elevated temperature and then cooled to 200K. Stress under a constant reverse bias leads to the activation of anomalous EL that originates from the same region as forward-bias EL. Furthermore, both forward- and reverse-bias EL have been found to increase with time under reverse-bias stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".