Blends of vinylic copolymer with plasticized lignin: Thermal and mechanical properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The article presents an investigation into the use of plasticizers for reducing the degree of association existing within lignin molecules, in order to overcome adverse effects on the mechanical properties of its blends with a vinyl chloride–vinyl acetate (VC–VAc) copolymer. Infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were performed to examine the effect of the plasticizer type and concentration in plasticizing Alcell, an organosolv lignin. The results show that the compatibility and efficiency of a plasticizer are strongly influenced by the solubility parameter, which should be close to that of the lignin. Polyblends prepared with several plasticizers, Alcell lignin, and the VC–VAc copolymer were also investigated by thermal analysis and mechanical testing. Variations in the mechanical properties of these blends were found to correlate with the lignin dispersion quality and with the plasticizer efficiency in Alcell lignin. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 861–874, 2001
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".