Estimation of Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Ammonium Sulfate from Transients of a Cooling Batch Seeded Crystallizer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nucleation and growth kinetics of ammonium sulfate are determined using a 1.5-L cooling batch seeded crystallizer, a rigorous mathematical model of the process, and a nonlinear optimization program. Supersaturation and crystal size distribution are employed as the major outputs of the model in the optimization objective function. The former is estimated by an online density meter, and the latter is measured by a Malvern Mastersizer. The size-independent growth kinetic is shown to lack the necessary parameters to accurately fit the experimental data. The information gathered from a large number of measurements in this study indicates that ammonium sulfate possesses a size-dependent growth kinetic. It is shown that a second-order size-dependent growth model reasonably describes the experimental measurements, while a combination of a second-order size dependence for small and medium crystals and a slightly lower dependence (order of 1.85) for large crystals results in the least error between experimental and simulated results.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".