Differential responses of male and female red swordtails to chemical alarm cues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Male and female red swordtails Xiphophorus helleri exposed in the laboratory to swordtail skin extract, fathead minnow Pimephales promelas skin extract and distilled water, significantly decreased activity in response to conspecific skin extract compared to minnow skin extract or distilled water. Moreover, males and females responded differentially to conspecific skin extract. Males tended to occupy the top compartment of the tank, whereas females tended to occupy the bottom compartment and seek shelter more. In a second experiment swordtails reduced activity significantly more in response to swordtail skin extract compared to closely related guppy Poecilia reticulata skin extract, minnow skin extract or distilled water. Swordtails also reduced activity significantly more to guppy skin extract compared to minnow skin and distilled water. However, males and females did not respond differentially to guppy skin extract. This suggests that chemical alarm cues are partially conserved within the Poeciliidae, but the level of response is of lower intensity to heterospecific skin extracts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".