First Report of <i>Globodera tabacum</i> Infecting Tobacco Plants in Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The tobacco cyst nematode Globodera tabacum (Lownsbery & Lowns-bery) Behrens is a damaging soilborne pathogen of shade and broadleaf tobacco in the United States (2). Nematode infection of roots can cause dramatic stunting, yield loss, and reduce leaf quality. G. tabacum is considered a complex of three cyst nematodes not distinguishable morphologically including G. tabacum tabacum, G. tabacum virginiae, and G. tabacum solanacearum. During 1998, infested flue-cured tobacco plants were harvested in the Lanaudière Region near Montreal, Quebec. Cysts recovered from roots and soil were identified by morphological and morphometric analysis of mature cysts and unhatched juveniles. Although multiple interceptions on nursery stock entering Quebec from infested nurseries in Hartford County, Connecticut from 1974 to 1986 have been recorded (1), to our knowledge, this is the first record of G. tabacum established in Canadian soil. On the basis of historic nematode infestations in this county, it could be inferred that it was G. tabacum tabacum, but further analysis is necessary for definitive subspecies determination. The infested tobacco plants were stunted in the field when compared with noninfested plants. Recently, the production in that area has been abandoned. Because cysts may survive for years in absence of host and also because potato, also a host of G. tabacum, is being introduced on these tobacco farms, it is believed that the distribution of this nematode could expand in the future in this part of the country. References: (1) Agriculture Canada Canadian Plant Quarantine Annual Reports. Intercepted Plant Pests. Publisher (Ottawa): Plant Protection Division, Department of Agriculture, 1967-2000. (2) J. G. Baldwin and M. Mundo-Ocampo. Heteroderinae, cyst- and non-cyst forming nematodes. Page 275 in: Manual of Agricultural Nematology. W. R. Nickle ed. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1991.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".