A Generalized Analysis of Electroosmotically Driven Capillary Flow in Rectangular Microchannels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the transient response of the fluid with combined electrokinetic and capillary effect in a microchannel is investigated theoretically. A second-order differential governing equation is obtained which represent the electroosmotic and capillary flow in a rectangular microchannel. This governing equation takes care of inertial force, dynamic contact angle, electrokinetic and entrance effect. The electrokinetic effect is modeled through additional electrokinetic force, which varies along the penetration depth of fluid. The non-dimensional analysis is presented by normalizing the gravity, viscous, electrokinetic forces with surface tension force. New non-dimensional group for electrokinetic force is reported which represents the ratio of electrokinetic and surface tension forces. The numerical solution of the governing equation is validated with experimental and analytical results for capillary flows, which shows good agreement. It is observed that for smaller Eo the capillary front advancement follows the similar trend as pure capillary flow but for higher Eo, the electroosmotic force dominates over surface tension force. It is demonstrated that this model provides simple approach to predict the penetration depth in electroosmotically driven capillary flow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".