Changes in Contingent-Negative Variation and Reaction Time Related to Precueing of Direction and Force of a Forearm Movement
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Scalp-recorded contingent-negative variation was analyzed in a reaction time paradigm with full, partial, or no prior information regarding two dimensions of a forearm response: direction (flexion/extension) and force level (weak/strong). Visual cues (light-emitting diodes) were used for the warning and response signals. The reaction time was shorter when direction, rather than force, was known in advance. Source derivation techniques revealed that the somatosensory arm area was more 'activated' by direction than force information, whereas the precentral cortex seemed to be more strongly influenced by force information. Partial advance information was sufficient to trigger preparatory activities specific for the revealed dimension of the ensuing movement.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it