Punching above its Weight: Cuba's use of sport for South–South co-operation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While known for training world-class athletes to compete in prestigious international competitions, Cuba is also educating 983 coaches from vulnerable communities in 53 countries at its Escuela Internacional de Educación Física y Deporte (eiefd). These athletes are bound not necessarily for the Olympic podium, but for marginalised communities where they are expected to develop sport and recreation programmes. While Cuba has garnered hard currency by training athletes from other countries, the eiefd is funded entirely by the state under the auspices of South–South co-operation. Why would Cuba, a resource-poor country, commit to training foreign coaches? This paper argues that Cuba's sport internationalism is grounded in complex and historical notions of co-operation with other countries in the global South. Through a critical analysis of state policy, and the goals of current initiatives like the eiefd, it argues that, while nationalism and foreign remuneration are a factor, the commitment to sport and development may be tied to broader goals of counter-hegemonic development. For scholars interested in Sport for Development and Peace Cuba's use of sport is noteworthy as it is not necessarily a means to development as much as a result of international social development.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it