Guanosine protects SH-SY5Y cells against β-amyloid-induced apoptosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apoptosis is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Extracellular guanosine inhibits staurosporine-induced apoptosis in astrocytes. We examined whether guanosine protects SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells against beta-amyloid(betaA)-induced apoptosis. Addition of betaA (fragment 25-35, 5 microM for 24 h) to SH-SY5Y cells increased the number of apoptotic cells, as evaluated by oligonucleosome ELISA. Guanosine pre-treatment decreased betaA-induced apoptosis (maximal effect after 24 h, 300 microM, p<0.05). The anti-apoptotic effect of guanosine was reduced by LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or PD98059 (MEK inhibitor) (p<0.05). Guanosine increased phosphorylation of Akt/PKB, and this was abolished by inhibiting PI3K or MEK, (p<0.001, 5 min). Thus, the protective effect of guanosine against betaA-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells is mediated via activation of the PI3K/Akt/PKB and MAPK pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".