CaCo<sub>3</sub> supported Co‐Fe catalysts for carbon nanotube synthesis in fluidized bed reactors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a cobalt‐iron (Co‐Fe) catalyst supported on a calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) substrate, contained within a fluidized bed was investigated for the first time. CaCO 3 supported catalysts, prepared using traditional wet impregnation techniques result in a soft and sticky powder requiring special arrangements to ensure satisfactory fluidization. A modified method developed using citric acid complex resulted in CaCO 3 supported catalysts that can be classically fluidized without special arrangements. The issue of Fe 3+ (aq) hydrolysis above its critical pH of ∼3.5 was also addressed. A carbon yield consistently greater than 10 times the weight of the catalyst metal loading was obtained. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry showed a single peak centered on 575°C, with no peaks below 400°C, indicating that an insignificant quantity of amorphous carbon was present. Transmission electron microscopy verified that the products contained a large proportion of CNTs. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2008
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".