Effect of Copper on Tribological Characteristics and Subsurface Structure of Cast Fe-Cr-C Alloys in Sliding Friction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to research the tribological characteristics and peculiarities of subsurface structure of friction layers formation of the cast Fe-Cr-C (1.2% C, 17–19% Cr) alloys with the copper content lower (0.4%) or higher (14.0%) than its limit of solubility in the matrix of the alloy. The different contents of copper in cast alloys have a significant influence on the characteristics of the alloy structure in the original state and subsurface friction layers and thus influence the tribological characteristics of these alloys. The alloy with 14.0% copper has minimal wear rate under dry and boundary frictions at the pressures of 1 and 5 MPa. This is achieved through optimizing the parameters of the fine structure of the surface friction layers of alloys and through plating effect of copper transferring from specimen to the counterbody and preventing the friction pair from severe wear.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".